Omenaviinietikka: terveysvaikutukset, käyttö ja sivuvaikutukset

Omenaviinietikka on luonnollinen elintarvikkeiden säilöntäaine ja desinfiointiaine. Se on yleinen kotilääke ruoansulatuskanavan ongelmien, ihosairauksien, syylien, täiden, hilseen ja kurkkukipujen hoitoon. Se on suosittu ravintolisä laihtumiseen, sokerin ja kolesterolin hallintaan, korkean verenpaineen alentamiseen ja immuniteetin parantamiseen.

Etikkahappo, fenolit ja probioottiset bakteerit ACV: ssä voivat olla vastuussa sen väitetyistä terveysetuista. Tässä artikkelissa käsitellään joitain ACV: n terveysväitteitä, kuinka sitä käytetään, ja sen mahdollisia sivuvaikutuksia.

Mikä on omenaviinietikka?

Omenasiiderietikka (ACV) valmistetaan fermentoimalla omenamehua ( Malus domestica ). Käynyt mehu (tai siideri) sisältää etyylialkoholia, joka muunnetaan etikkahapoksi asetobakteerin (1) mikrobilla.

Pastöroimaton tai orgaaninen ACV sisältää mikrobeja. Nämä mikrobit, kuten hiiva ja bakteerit, tunnetaan myös yhdessä äitinä ja niissä on runsaasti entsyymejä ja proteiineja. Ne antavat ACV: lle sen tyypillisen samean ulkonäön ja tarjoavat probioottisia etuja keholle.

ACV sisältää myös mineraaleja, vitamiineja, polyfenoleja sekä maitohappo-, sitruuna-, omenahappo- ja etikkahappoja (2). Tutkimuksessa kerrottiin, että gallushappo ja klorogeenihappo olivat hallitsevia fenoliyhdisteitä omenaviinietikan äidissä (3). Etikkahappo (5%) on ACV: n aktiivinen yhdiste. Se on vastuussa myös luonteenomaisesta voimakkaasta hajusta ja hapan mausta. Se voi olla vastuussa monista väitetyistä terveysetuista (1).

Anekdotiset todisteet viittaavat moniin ACV: n väitteisiin. Tutkitaan sen takana olevaa tieteellistä tutkimusta.

Mitkä ovat omenaviinietikan edut?

1. Voi olla antimikrobisia ominaisuuksia

Perinteisesti ACV: tä käytettiin elintarvikkeiden säilöntäaineena ja desinfiointiaineena (4). Se voi auttaa estämään ruoan pilaantumista, koska se estää bakteerien, kuten Escherichia coli (1), (5), kasvun.

Tutkimuksessa kerrottiin, että ACV osoitti sienilääkkeitä Candida- sientä vastaan ​​(6). Toisessa tapausraportissa ACV: tä käytettiin emättimen kandidiaasin hoitoon naisella (7). Omenaviinietikolla on antimikrobisia ominaisuuksia. Lisää tutkimuksia tarvitaan kuitenkin sen terapeuttisten sovellusten ymmärtämiseksi.

2. Voi parantaa ruoansulatusta

ACV: n "äiti" on probiootti. Probiootit auttavat parantamaan suolen mikrobipopulaatiota (8). On tieteellistä näyttöä siitä, että fermentoitujen elintarvikkeiden käyttö voi auttaa pitämään suolen terveenä (9). Nämä hyvät bakteerit auttavat toimittamaan keholle ravinteita ja estävät myös taudinaiheuttajien kasvua. Probioottiset bakteerit vähentävät tulehdusta, lisäävät immuniteettia ja voivat myös parantaa mielenterveyttä (10), (11).

ACV sisältää etikkahappoa. Eläintutkimukset ovat raportoineet, että etikkahappoa voidaan käyttää haavaisen paksusuolentulehduksen hoitona (12).

Tietoja ei ole riittävästi sen määrittämiseksi, auttaako ACV happamat refluksit. Tutkimuksessa korostettiin ero anekdoottien väitteiden ja empiirisen näytön välillä ACV: n käytöstä ruokatorven oireiden hoidossa (13).

3. Voi edistää painonpudotusta

ACV: n anti-inflammatoriset ja anti-adipositeettiset ominaisuudet voivat estää liikalihavuuden ja liikalihavuuteen liittyvät sydänkomplikaatiot, joita rasvainen ruokavalio aiheuttaa. Tämä havaittiin rotilla tehdyissä tutkimuksissa (14). Toinen tutkimus rasvoista ruokavaliosta ruokituista rotista kertoi, että ACV voi vähentää liikalihavuuden riskiä sen antioksidanttisen aktiivisuuden vuoksi (15).

Eläintutkimusten tulokset ovat päätyneet siihen, että ACV: llä on merkittävä hyperlipideeminen vaikutus rotilla, joilla on hyperlipidemia (korkea kolesteroli) (16). Painonlasku havaittiin rotilla, joita oli hoidettu ACV: llä. Heidän lipidiparametrit olivat myös yhdenmukaisia ​​(16).

Muissa tutkimuksissa koehenkilöillä, jotka kuluttivat ACV: tä kahdeksan viikon ajan, oli alhaisemmat epäterveelliset rasvat tai lipidit (17).

Etikka on ollut myös tehokas liikalihavuutta vastaan ​​japanilaisen tutkimuksen mukaan (18). Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että etikan saanti vähensi ruumiinpainoa (painonpudotusta), kehon rasvamassaa, viskeraalisen rasvan ja seerumin triglyseriditasoja lihavilla japanilaisilla (18).

Eräässä toisessa tutkimuksessa etikka lisäsi myös kylläisyyttä terveiden koehenkilöiden leipäaterian jälkeen. Tämä voi auttaa torjumaan liikalihavuutta (19). Toisessa tutkimuksessa todetaan, että etikan käyttö voi auttaa vähentämään aterianjälkeistä glykemiaa (20).

Tiedeyhteisö on kuitenkin erimielinen ACV: n tehokkuudesta laihtumisen kannalta. Siksi tarvitsemme lisää tutkimuksia tältä osin.

4. Voi parantaa sydämen terveyttä

Eläintutkimukset ovat paljastaneet, että etikka voi vähentää veren triglyseridejä ja kolesterolia (21). Ruokavalion etikkahappo vähensi seerumin kokonaiskolesterolia ja triasyyliglyserolia rotilla, joille annettiin korkeaa kolesterolia sisältävää ruokavaliota (21), (22), (23).

Tutkimuksessa analysoitiin etikan vaikutusta hyperkolesteroleemisiin kaneihin (22). Etikka alensi suurinta osaa biokemiallisista parametreista, kuten kolesterolia, C-reaktiivista proteiinia (CRP) ja apolipoproteiini A: ta (ApoA), mikä voi lisätä sydän- ja verisuonitautien, kuten ateroskleroosin, riskiä (22).

Hypertension or high blood pressure may lead to heart problems. Vinegar was also found to reduce blood pressure in rats (24), (25). These preliminary studies on animals need to be confirmed in humans.

5. May Help Manage Diabetes

Studies on diabetic mice have revealed that ACV can lower blood glucose levels (26). In healthy subjects, ACV could lower blood sugar levels and insulin response after a meal (20). However, in subjects with diabetes, it does not delay gastric emptying (27).

Most studies claim that vinegar lowers blood glucose levels (28), (29), (30). However, other studies state that vinegar could be more effective in regulating blood sugar levels in healthy individuals than those with diabetes (31).

6. May Boost Skin Health

Apple cider vinegar contains alpha-hydroxy acids, including lactic and malic acids. These acids have been used extensively in skin care (32).

Lactic acid improves skin hydration (32), (33). It also gently exfoliates skin (sloughs off dead skin layers), improves skin texture, and helps reduce fine lines by boosting cell renewal (34), (35). Lactic acid is also reported to treat dark circles and hyperpigmentation when combined with trichloroacetic acid (36).

Studies reported that vinegar in a cream base improves atopic dermatitis in mice (37). Anecdotal evidence suggests that ACV may help relieve symptoms of psoriasis, including itching and scaly patches. However, there is no scientific data to back this claim.

ACV has antimicrobial activity. It may help in treating acne-prone skin. However, more research is warranted in this area.

The topical application of ACV may cause skin burns and skin irritation (38). Hence, practice caution.

7. May Improve Immunity

ACV is rich in antioxidants and phenols. These compounds help in scavenging toxins from cells produced during oxidative stress (39). Many folk remedies use ACV to treat inflammation related diseases, like multiple sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

However, the scientific evidence in this aspect is scarce. On the contrary, a study claimed ACV to be ineffective as an anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory agent in rats with adjuvant arthritis (40).

8. May Help Treat Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms

A study investigated the effect of ACV with the mother (the beneficial yeast and bacteria) on reproductive hormones. ACV reduced the levels of estrogen and testosterone but increased progesterone levels in Wistar rats (41).

Research suggests that the intake of ACV can help with regulating ovulatory function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (42). It was also reported that consuming 15 g of apple vinegar daily for 90 to 110 days helped improve insulin sensitivity and restored regular periods (42).

These are the potential benefits of apple cider vinegar. Some of them are yet to be confirmed in humans. In the following section, we will look at the dosage of ACV and the ways to use it.

Dosage And How To Use

Anecdotal remedies suggest ingesting 1 teaspoon to 2 tablespoons (10–30 ml) of ACV per day. It can be mixed with water and taken or can be added to salad dressings and marinades. Below, we have discussed ACV recipes targeted for specific health concerns (none of these have been backed by research; consult your doctor before trying any):

Digestion

What You Need

• 15-30 mL ACV
• 1 glass of water

Process

Mix the ACV in water and drink it before meals.

Weight Loss

What You Need

• 15-30 mL ACV
• A few drops of lemon juice
• 1 glass of water

Process

Mix the ACV in water and drink it on an empty stomach early in the morning.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

What You Need

15 mL ACV

Process

Drink one tablespoon of ACV everyday for around 3-6 months.

Hair Rinse

What You Need

• 10 mL ACV
• 1 tablespoon honey
• A few drops of lemon juice
• Water (as needed)

Process

Mix all the ingredients in water and use this as a hair rinse after shampooing. The vinegar smell would vanish gradually.

Skin Toner

What You Need

• 10 mL apple cider vinegar
• 10 mL rose water
• 20 mL water

Process

1. Mix all the ingredients in water. Dip a cotton ball in this mixture and dab it evenly on your skin. You can also spritz it on your face. Use diluted ACV as concentrated ACV can cause skin burns or irritation.
2. Use a moisturizer after this step.

Mouth Wash

What You Need

• 15 mL apple cider vinegar
• 30 mL water

Process

Use diluted vinegar as a mouthwash. Swirl it around for 20-30 seconds and rinse with water afterwards. This will kill the bacteria in the mouth and keep bad breath at bay.

You can try using ACV in these ways and experience results. However, ACV may also cause side effects in some people.

Apple Cider Vinegar Side Effects

Apple cider vinegar is relatively safe to consume. However, its acidic nature may cause a mild burning sensation in the throat and stomach.

It may cause damage to the tooth enamel and cause dental erosion (43).

In a study, prolonged consumption of ACV had caused hypokalemia (potassium deficiency) in a woman (44).

The topical application of undiluted vinegar can lead to skin burns and irritation (38), (45).

ACV may also cause nausea, acid reflux, burping, flatulence, and irregular bowel movements (46), (47).

Conclusion

Traditionally, apple cider vinegar has been used for cooking, preventing food spoilage, and disinfecting surfaces and vegetables. There are a few preliminary studies that suggest that it is antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory.

Anecdotal remedies have exaggerated its health benefits. There is some gap between its medical claims and scientific data. Hence, you may use ACV, but with caution. Consult your doctor if you have more queries.

Expert’s Answers for Readers Questions

Can I drink apple cider vinegar every day?

There have been reports that prolonged intake of ACV may be harmful to the bones as it interferes with calcium absorption. Hence, do not take it every day.

When should you drink apple cider vinegar?

Generally, it is consumed before meals, but it can be taken anytime.

How does apple cider vinegar detox your body?

There is not enough data to support the claim that ACV detoxifies the body. However, it contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds that may help.

How much weight can you lose with apple cider vinegar in a week?

There are no studies available currently about the parameters involved.

What does apple cider vinegar do for your hair?

It has been suggested that it balances the pH of the scalp and helps remove dandruff.

Does ACV affect urine?

No studies have been done in this aspect.

How many times a day can you drink ACV?

ACV can cause adverse effects like nausea and acid reflux when consumed frequently or in excess. Hence, do not take it more than thrice a week or once a day.

What are the benefits of apple cider vinegar and honey?

Anecdotal remedies suggest that ACV with honey may help with weight loss and improve digestion.

How long does it take to detox with apple cider vinegar?

Home remedies suggest that ACV takes about a week to detox your body. However, there is no scientific proof to back this claim.

Which apple cider vinegar is best for weight loss?

ACV with the mother is suggested to be good for weight loss.

Is apple cider vinegar good for kidney stones?

There is very less research in this regard. Hence, it is important to consult a doctor.

Is it OK to drink apple cider vinegar on an empty stomach?uestion

Yes, you can. But practice caution as it may cause side effects like nausea.

Does apple cider vinegar give you energy?

ACV may help regulate blood sugar levels. This may offer energy.

How do you protect your teeth with apple cider vinegar?

You can have ACV in a diluted form. You can also use a straw to prevent the ACV from damaging the enamel of the teeth.

Does apple cider vinegar make you poop?

Folk remedies recommend ACV as a cure for constipation. However, it is known to cause diarrhea when consumed in excess. There is no concrete research to substantiate its claims.

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